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Charles-Marie-Georges Huysmans (; February 5, 1848 in Paris – May 12, 1907 in Paris) was a French novelist who published his works as J.K. (Joris-Karl) Huysmans ((:ʒoʁis kaʁl)). He is most famous for the novel ''À rebours'' (1884, published in English as ''Against the Grain'' or ''Against Nature''). He supported himself by a 30-year career in the French civil service. Huysmans' work is considered remarkable for its idiosyncratic use of the French language, large vocabulary, descriptions, satirical wit and far-ranging erudition. First considered part of Naturalism, he became associated with the decadent movement with his publication of ''À rebours.'' His work expressed his deep pessimism, which had led him to the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer.〔Twenty–three year–old Schopenhauer, who had a great influence on Huysmans, told Wieland, "Life is an unpleasant business. I have resolved to spend it reflecting on it. (''Das Leben ist eine mißliche Sache. Ich habe mir vorgesetzt, es damit hinzubringen, über dasselbe nachzudenken.)" (Rüdiger Safranski, ''Schopenhauer and the Wild Years of Philosophy'', Chapter 7).〕 In later years, his novels reflected his study of Catholicism, religious conversion, and becoming an oblate. He discussed the iconography of Christian architecture at length in ''La cathédrale'' (1898), set at Chartres and with its cathedral as the focus of the book. ''Là-bas'' (1891), ''En route'' (1895) and ''La cathédrale'' (1898) are a trilogy that feature Durtal, an autobiographical character whose spiritual progress is tracked and who converts to Catholicism. In the novel that follows, ''L'Oblat'' (1903), Durtal becomes an oblate in a monastery, as Huysmans himself was in the Benedictine Abbey at Ligugé, near Poitiers, in 1901.〔The Cathedral, Introduction, Dedalus 1997〕 ''La cathédrale'' was his most commercially successful work. Its profits enabled Huysmans to retire from his civil service job and live on his royalties. ==Parents and early life== Huysmans was born in Paris in 1848. His father Godfried Huysmans was Dutch, and a lithographer by trade. His mother Malvina Badin Huysmans had been a schoolmistress. Huysmans' father died when he was eight years old. After his mother quickly remarried, Huysmans resented his stepfather, Jules Og, a Protestant who was part-owner of a Parisian book-bindery. During childhood, Huysmans turned away from the Roman Catholic Church. He was unhappy at school but completed his coursework and earned a baccalauréat. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Joris-Karl Huysmans」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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